《大气污染防治行动计划》简称行动计划,在该行动计划中不仅提出了奋斗目标,而且还提出了实现空气质量改善的十条具体措施,因此,《大气污染防治行动计划》也被称为“大气十条”或“大气国十条”。《大气污染防治行动计划》早在2013年9月发布,各有关政府部门已经据此紧锣密鼓地行动起来,大气污染相关科学研究单位也正在全面展开繁忙的研究工作,但是中国的老百姓对此还了解甚少。青青矮马在这里对“大气国十条”做一个全面的介绍。
《大气污染防治行动计划》的关键信息如下:
奋斗目标:经过五年努力,全国空气质量总体改善,重污染天气较大幅度减少;京津冀、长三角、珠三角等区域空气质量明显好转。力争再用五年或更长时间,逐步消除重污染天气,全国空气质量明显改善。
具体指标:到2017年,全国地级及以上城市可吸入颗粒物浓度比2012年下降10%以上,优良天数逐年提高;京津冀、长三角、珠三角等区域细颗粒物浓度分别下降25%、20%、15%左右,其中北京市细颗粒物年均浓度控制在60微克/立方米左右。
为实现以上目标,《大气污染防治行动计划》确定了十项具体措施:
(1)加大综合治理力度,减少多污染物排放。全面整治燃煤小锅炉,加快重点行业脱硫、脱硝、除尘改造工程建设。综合整治城市扬尘和餐饮油烟污染。加快淘汰黄标车和老旧车辆,大力发展公共交通,推广新能源汽车,加快提升燃油品质。
(2)调整优化产业结构,推动经济转型升级。严控高耗能、高排放行业新增产能,加快淘汰落后产能,坚决停建产能严重过剩行业违规在建项目。
(3)加快企业技术改造,提高科技创新能力。大力发展循环经济,培育壮大节能环保产业,促进重大环保技术装备、产品的创新开发与产业化应用。
(4)加快调整能源结构,增加清洁能源供应。到2017年,煤炭占能源消费总量比重降到65%以下。京津冀、长三角、珠三角等区域力争实现煤炭消费总量负增长。
(5)严格投资项目节能环保准入,提高准入门槛,优化产业空间布局,严格限制在生态脆弱或环境敏感地区建设“两高”行业项目。
(6)发挥市场机制作用,完善环境经济政策。中央财政设立专项资金,实施以奖代补政策。调整完善价格、税收等方面的政策,鼓励民间和社会资本进入大气污染防治领域。
(7)健全法律法规体系,严格依法监督管理。国家定期公布重点城市空气质量排名,建立重污染企业环境信息强制公开制度。提高环境监管能力,加大环保执法力度。
(8)建立区域协作机制,统筹区域环境治理。京津冀、长三角区域建立大气污染防治协作机制,国务院与各省级政府签订目标责任书,进行年度考核,严格责任追究。
(9)建立监测预警应急体系,制定完善并及时启动应急预案,妥善应对重污染天气。
(10)明确各方责任,动员全民参与,共同改善空气质量。
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